{"id":19300,"date":"2021-03-08T15:18:27","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T14:18:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/defenceforchildren.org\/fr\/?p=19300"},"modified":"2021-08-19T13:09:11","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19T12:09:11","slug":"child-recruitment-in-somalia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/defenceforchildren.org\/fr\/child-recruitment-in-somalia\/","title":{"rendered":"Recrutement d&rsquo;enfants en Somalie"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"19300\" class=\"elementor elementor-19300\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aa8f792 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"aa8f792\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d91bba7\" data-id=\"d91bba7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de56575 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"de56575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"530\" src=\"https:\/\/defenceforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/soldier-750x530.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-19372\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/defenceforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/soldier-750x530.jpg 750w, https:\/\/defenceforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/soldier-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/defenceforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/soldier-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/defenceforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/soldier-1536x1086.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/defenceforchildren.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/soldier-2048x1448.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-622a59b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"622a59b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-99acfb\" data-id=\"99acfb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67cd60ea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67cd60ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Les forces f\u00e9d\u00e9rales de d\u00e9fense et de police somaliennes (anciennement d\u00e9nomm\u00e9es \u00ab\u00a0arm\u00e9e nationale somalienne\u00a0\u00bb) sont \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9es dans les annexes du dernier rapport annuel du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral (2020) sur les enfants et les conflits arm\u00e9s (CAAC) pour le recrutement et l&rsquo;utilisation d\u2019enfants dans les conflits, ainsi que le meurtre et les mutilations. Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama&rsquo;a (ASWJ) figure sur la liste pour le recrutement et l&rsquo;utilisation d\u2019enfants soldats, et Al Shabaab figure sur la liste pour les cinq violations \u00ab\u00a0les plus graves\u00a0\u00bb.<\/em><\/p><h4><b>Ce que les autres acteurs ont fait pour contenir le recrutement d&rsquo;enfants en Somalie:<\/b><\/h4><div><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/div><p>En octobre 2019, le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de Somalie (FGS) a renouvel\u00e9 son engagement \u00e0 mettre fin au recrutement et \u00e0 l&rsquo;utilisation d&rsquo;enfants soldats en signant une feuille de route d\u00e9taillant les mesures et les actions pratiques pour pr\u00e9venir les violations contre les enfants, lib\u00e9rer les enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces arm\u00e9es et les r\u00e9int\u00e9grer dans les communaut\u00e9s. Le ministre f\u00e9d\u00e9ral de la d\u00e9fense de la Somalie a repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 le FGS lors de la signature de l&rsquo;accord. Il s&rsquo;est engag\u00e9 \u00e0 ce que le FGS mette fin aux violations des droits de l&rsquo;enfant, y compris le recrutement forc\u00e9.<\/p><p>Les Nations Unies et les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile se sont engag\u00e9s \u00e0 soutenir ce plan afin que dans toute la Somalie, dans toutes les r\u00e9gions, tous les responsables de l&rsquo;application des lois, tous les membres de toutes les forces arm\u00e9es soient les premiers \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les enfants contre les violations.<\/p><h4><b>Une action sp\u00e9cifique est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9e :<\/b><\/h4><div><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/div><ul><li>L&rsquo;\u00e9valuation, le filtrage, le renforcement des capacit\u00e9s et la garantie que les enfants captur\u00e9s, ou qui se sont \u00e9chapp\u00e9s, ou les enfants qui sont lib\u00e9r\u00e9s de quelque mani\u00e8re que ce soit, recevront \u00e9galement les besoins de r\u00e9adaptation et de r\u00e9insertion qu&rsquo;ils m\u00e9ritent et auxquels ils ont droit en tant que victimes.<\/li><li>En 2012, la Somalie et les Nations Unies ont sign\u00e9 un pacte visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger les enfants contre le recrutement et l&rsquo;utilisation par l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e et \u00e0 garantir la protection des enfants contre les meurtres et les blessures.<\/li><\/ul><p>Selon le rapport du\u00a0<a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/sg\/sites\/www.un.org.sg\/files\/atoms\/files\/15-June-2020_Secretary-General_Report_on_CAAC_Eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Nations Unies sur les enfants et les conflits arm\u00e9s<\/a>\u00a0publi\u00e9 en juin 2020, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 que les groupes arm\u00e9s et les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 gouvernementales en Somalie ont recrut\u00e9 et utilis\u00e9 de force dans le conflit 1 442 gar\u00e7ons et 53 filles, dont certains n&rsquo;avaient que 8 ans.<\/p><p>Al-Shabaab a recrut\u00e9 1 169 enfants, ce qui repr\u00e9sente le plus grand nombre de recrutements d&rsquo;enfants, suivi par les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 gouvernementales, notamment la police somalienne (100) et l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e nationale somalienne (74) ; et les forces r\u00e9gionales, notamment les forces du Puntland\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">(40), les forces de Galmudug (30), les forces de Jubbaland (19), la police de Galmudug (4) et la police de Jubbaland (1). Des violations ont \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es aux milices claniques (56) et aux milices de l&rsquo;Ouest (2).<\/span><\/p><p>Selon le dernier rapport p\u00e9riodique du Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Nations Unies datant de novembre 2020 (<a rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/undocs.org\/S\/2020\/1113\" target=\"_blank\">S\/2020\/1113<\/a>), l&rsquo;\u00c9quipe sp\u00e9ciale de surveillance et de communication de l&rsquo;information (CTFMR) a document\u00e9 945 violations graves touchant 1 254 enfants (1 017 gar\u00e7ons, 237 filles), 11 attaques contre des \u00e9coles, une attaque contre un h\u00f4pital et un incident de refus d&rsquo;acc\u00e8s humanitaire entre le 5 ao\u00fbt et le 4 novembre 2020.\u00a0<\/p><p>Les violences sexuelles li\u00e9es au conflit ont touch\u00e9 66 enfants (2 gar\u00e7ons, 64 filles) pendant la p\u00e9riode consid\u00e9r\u00e9e. Au total, 543 enfants ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s, 288 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de meurtres et de mutilations, 601 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de recrutement et d&rsquo;utilisation et 146 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes de violences sexuelles li\u00e9es au conflit.\u00a0<\/p><p>Les violations ont \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9es \u00e0 Al-Shabaab (74,3 %), \u00e0 des \u00e9l\u00e9ments arm\u00e9s inconnus (12,5 %), \u00e0 des milices claniques (4,35 %) et aux forces arm\u00e9es f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et des \u00c9tats (8,9 %). Au total, 32 incidents de privation de libert\u00e9 touchant 69 gar\u00e7ons et 1 fille ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s, 19 gar\u00e7ons et 1 fille \u00e9tant d\u00e9tenus par les forces de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Jubbaland, 30 gar\u00e7ons par la police somalienne, 13 gar\u00e7ons par l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e nationale somalienne, 3 gar\u00e7ons par la police du Jubbaland et 2 gar\u00e7ons par les forces de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat et de la police du Puntland.<\/p><h4><b>Un projet de 2 millions de dollars pour la r\u00e9insertion des anciens enfants soldats<\/b><\/h4><div><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/div><p>Une autre contribution notable des Nations Unies a \u00e9t\u00e9 apport\u00e9e \u00e0 Baidoa, la capitale de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat du Sud-Ouest (ESO), o\u00f9 l\u2019ONU a annonc\u00e9 le lancement d&rsquo;un projet de 2 millions de dollars du Fonds pour la consolidation de la paix, destin\u00e9 \u00e0 soutenir la pr\u00e9vention contre le recrutement des enfants et pour la r\u00e9int\u00e9gration des enfants anciennement associ\u00e9s aux forces et groupes arm\u00e9s. Le projet vise \u00e0 agir en amont en renfor\u00e7ant la pr\u00e9vention, en contr\u00f4lant les forces de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 somaliennes, y compris les forces r\u00e9gionales, pour s&rsquo;assurer qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y a pas d&rsquo;enfants dans leurs rangs, lib\u00e9rer ceux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9s, les r\u00e9habiliter et les r\u00e9int\u00e9grer.\u00a0<span style=\"font-size: 18px;\">Les Nations Unies ont soulign\u00e9 leur engagement et celui de leurs partenaires internationaux \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir toutes les formes de violations \u00e0 l&rsquo;encontre des enfants. Les Nations Unies ont lanc\u00e9 une campagne contre les violations des droits de l&rsquo;enfant et ont \u00e9labor\u00e9 des plans pour sensibiliser les enfants.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Somali Federal\u00a0Defence\u00a0and Police Forces (formerly listed as \u2018Somali National Army\u2019) are listed in the annexes of the Secretary-General\u2019s latest (2020) annual report on children and armed conflict (CAAC) for recruitment and use and killing and maiming. Ahl al-Sunna\u00a0wal-Jama\u2019a\u00a0(ASWJ) is listed for recruitment and use, and Al\u00a0Shabaab\u00a0is listed for all five \u2018trigger\u2019 violations.\u00a0 What other [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19372,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"give_campaign_id":0,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[275,745],"tags":[669,661,670,671,664,663,660,672,662],"class_list":["post-19300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-highlight-fr","category-news-fr-fr","tag-armed-conflicts-fr","tag-caac","tag-child-recruitment-fr","tag-child-soldiers-fr","tag-conflits-armes","tag-enfants-soldats","tag-recrutement-denfants","tag-somalia-fr","tag-somalie"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - 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